US prevalence
6-12% of reproductive-age women
Source: ASRM Practice Bulletin
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ConditionICD-10: E28.2
PCOS (Polycystic Ovary Syndrome)
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a hormonal disorder affecting ~10% of women of reproductive age. It's characterized by irregular menstrual cycles, elevated androgens, and polycystic ovaries on ultrasound. Most patients also have insulin resistance, which drives weight gain, acne, and fertility issues. GLP-1 medications are emerging as a powerful tool for PCOS-related metabolic symptoms — though off-label.
Quick answer
UpdatedPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine disorder characterized by hyperandrogenism, ovulatory dysfunction, and polycystic ovaries — affecting ~6-12% of reproductive-age women. PCOS is strongly associated with insulin resistance, obesity, and infertility. While GLP-1 medications are not FDA-approved for PCOS, off-label use is common in PCOS patients with obesity — weight loss of 5-10% often restores ovulation, improves cycles, and reduces infertility.
- US prevalence: 5-10 million women of reproductive age
- 6-12% of women aged 15-44
- Insulin resistance: 50-70% of PCOS patients
- Driver of weight + metabolic complications
- GLP-1 evidence: Restored ovulation in 30-40% with 5-10% weight loss
- Off-label; observational + small RCTs
- First-line for PCOS: Combined oral contraceptive + metformin
- For symptom + insulin-resistance management
- Pregnancy planning: GLP-1s must be discontinued ≥2 months pre-conception
- See pregnancy guide